经过一天的时间终于搭建完成了,中间遇到了好多问题,比如编译mysql我用哪个方法死活编译不了,从网上找了个方法编译成功了
就是这句
./configure –prefix=/usr/local/mysql –localstatedir=/usr/local/mysql/data
本文测试环境为CentOS 5.0,如果使用Red Hat AS3/4则不能使用yum命令管理rpm包。
一.系统约定
软件源代码包存放位置 /usr/local/src
源码包编译安装位置(prefix) /usr/local/software_name
脚本以及维护程序存放位置 /usr/local/sbin
MySQL 数据库位置 /var/lib/mysql
Apache 网站根目录 /home/www/wwwroot
Apache 虚拟主机日志根目录 /home/www/logs
Apache 运行帐户 www:www
二.系统环境部署及调整
1.检查系统是否正常
# more /var/log/messages (检查有无系统级错误信息)
# dmesg (检查硬件设备是否有错误信息)
# ifconfig(检查网卡设置是否正确)
# ping www.163.com (检查网络是否正常)
2.关闭不需要的服务
# ntsysv
以下仅列出需要启动的服务,未列出的服务一律关闭:
atd
crond
irqbalance
microcode_ctl
network
sendmail
sshd
syslog
3.重新启动系统
# init 6
4.配置 vim
# vi /root/.bashrc
在 alias mv=’mv -i’ 下面添加一行:alias vi=’vim’ 保存退出。
# echo ‘syntax on’ > /root/.vimrc
5.使用yum程序安装所需软件包(以下为标准的RPM包名称)
# yum install ntp vim-enhanced gcc gcc-c++ flex bison autoconf automake bzip2-devel ncurses-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel libtiff-devel freetype-devel pam-devel kernel
6.定时校正服务器时钟,定时与中国国家授时中心授时服务器同步
# crontab -e
加入一行:
*/30 * * * * ntpdate 210.72.145.44
7.源代码编译安装所需包
(1) GD2
# cd /usr/local/src
# wget http://www.libgd.org/releases/oldreleases/gd-2.0.34.tar.gz
# tar xzvf gd-2.0.34.tar.gz
# cd gd-2.0.34
# ./configure –prefix=/usr/local/gd2
# make
# make install
(2) LibXML2
# cd /usr/local/src
# wget ftp://xmlsoft.org/libxml2/libxml2-2.6.29.tar.gz
# tar xzvf libxml2-2.6.29.tar.gz
# cd libxml2-2.6.29
# ./configure –prefix=/usr/local/libxml2
# make
# make install
(3) LibMcrypt
# cd /usr/local/src
#wget http://jaist.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.bz2
# tar xjvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.bz2
# cd libmcrypt-2.5.8
# ./configure –prefix=/usr/local/libmcrypt
# make
# make install
(4) Apache 日志截断程序
# cd /usr/local/src
# wget http://cronolog.org/download/cronolog-1.6.2.tar.gz
# tar xzvf cronolog-1.6.2.tar.gz
# cd cronolog-1.6.2
# ./configure –prefix=/usr/local/cronolog
# make
# make install
8.升级OpenSSL和OpenSSH
# cd /usr/local/src
# wget http://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-0.9.8e.tar.gz
# wget http://mirror.mcs.anl.gov/openssh/portable/openssh-4.6p1.tar.gz
# tar xzvf openssl-0.9.8e.tar.gz
# cd openssl-0.9.8e
# ./config –prefix=/usr/local/openssl
# make
# make test
# make install
# cd ..
# tar xzvf openssh-4.6p1.tar.gz
# cd openssh-4.6p1
# ./configure \
“–prefix=/usr” \
“–with-pam” \
“–with-zlib” \
“–sysconfdir=/etc/ssh” \
“–with-ssl-dir=/usr/local/openssl” \
“–with-md5-passwords”
# make
# make install
(1)禁用 SSH V1 协议
找到:
#Protocol 2,1
改为:
Protocol 2
(2)禁止root直接登录
此处先建立一个普通系统用户:
# useradd username
# passwd username
找到:
#PermitRootLogin yes
改为:
PermitRootLogin no
(3)禁用服务器端GSSAPI
找到以下两行,并将它们注释:
GSSAPIAuthentication yes
GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes
(4)禁用 DNS 名称解析
找到:
#UseDNS yeas
改为:
UseDNS no
(5)禁用客户端 GSSAPI
# vi /etc/ssh/ssh_config
找到:
GSSAPIAuthentication yes
将这行注释掉。
最后,确认修改正确后重新启动 SSH 服务
# service sshd restart
# ssh -v
确认 OpenSSH 以及 OpenSSL 版本正确。
三、编译安装L.A.M.P环境
1. 下载软件
# cd /usr/local/src
# wget http://apache.mirror.phpchina.com/httpd/httpd-2.2.4.tar.bz2
# wget http://download.discuz.net/env/mysql-5.0.27.tar.gz
# wget http://cn.php.net/distributions/php-5.2.3.tar.bz2
#wget http://downloads.phpchina.com/zend/optimizer/3.3.0/ZendOptimizer-3.3.0-linux-glibc21-i386.tar.gz
2. 编译安装MySQL
# tar xzvf mysql-5.0.27.tar.gz
# cd mysql-5.0.27
# ./configure \
“–prefix=/usr/local/mysql” \
“–localstatedir=/var/lib/mysql” \ (注意:/var 分区是否适合?)
“–with-comment=Source” \
“–with-server-suffix=-Comsenz” \
“–with-mysqld-user=mysql” \
“–without-debug” \
“–with-big-tables” \
“–with-charset=” \ (此处设置MySQL默认字符集)
“–with-collation= ” \ (此处设置MySQL校正字符集)
“–with-extra-charsets=all” \
“–with-pthread” \
“–enable-static” \
“–enable-thread-safe-client” \
“–with-client-ldflags=-all-static” \
“–with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static” \
“–enable-assembler” \
“–without-isam” \
“–without-innodb” \
“–without-ndb-debug”
# make
# make install
# useradd mysql
# cd /usr/local/mysql
# bin/mysql_install_db –user=mysql
# chown -R root:mysql .
# chown -R mysql /var/lib/mysql
# cp share/mysql/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf
# cp share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
# chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
# chkconfig –add mysqld
# chkconfig –level 3 mysqld on
# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start
# bin/mysqladmin -u root password ‘password_for_root’
3. 编译安装Apache
# cd /usr/local/src
# tar xjvf httpd-2.2.4.tar.bz2
# cd httpd-2.2.4
# ./configure \
“–prefix=/usr/local/apache2” \
“–with-included-apr” \
“–enable-so” \
“–enable-deflate=shared” \
“–enable-expires=shared” \
“–enable-rewrite=shared” \
“–enable-static-support” \
“–disable-userdir”
# make
# make install
# echo ‘/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start ‘ >> /etc/rc.local
4. 编译安装PHP
# cd /usr/local/src
# tar xjvf php-5.2.3.tar.bz2
# cd php-5.2.3
# ./configure \
“–prefix=/usr/local/php” \
“–with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs” \
“–with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc” \
“–with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql” \
“–with-libxml-dir=/usr/local/libxml2” \
“–with-gd=/usr/local/gd2” \
“–with-jpeg-dir” \
“–with-png-dir” \
“–with-bz2” \
“–with-freetype-dir” \
“–with-iconv-dir” \
“–with-zlib-dir ” \
“–with-openssl=/usr/local/openssl” \
“–with-mcrypt=/usr/local/libmcrypt” \
“–enable-soap” \
“–enable-gd-native-ttf” \
“–enable-memory-limit” \
“–enable-ftp” \
“–enable-mbstring” \
“–enable-exif” \
“–disable-ipv6” \
“–disable-cgi” \
“–disable-cli”
# make
# make install
# mkdir /usr/local/php/etc
# cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
5. 安装Zend Optimizer
# cd /usr/local/src
# tar xzvf ZendOptimizer-3.2.8-linux-glibc21-i386.tar.gz
# ./ZendOptimizer-3.2.8-linux-glibc21-i386/install.sh
安装Zend Optimizer过程的最后不要选择重启Apache。
6. 整合Apache与PHP
# vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf
找到:
AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz
在该行下面添加
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
找到:
DirectoryIndex index.html
将该行改为
DirectoryIndex index.html index.htm index.php
找到:
#Include conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf
#Include conf/extra/httpd-info.conf
#Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
#Include conf/extra/httpd-default.conf
去掉前面的“#”号,取消注释。
注意:以上 4 个扩展配置文件中的设置请按照相关原则进行合理配置!
修改完成后保存退出。
# /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl restart
7. 查看确认L.A.M.P环境信息、提升 PHP 安全性
在网站根目录放置 phpinfo.php 脚本,检查phpinfo中的各项信息是否正确。
#vi phpinfo.php
phpinfo();
?>
确认 PHP 能够正常工作后,在 php.ini 中进行设置提升 PHP 安全性。
# vi /etc/php.ini
找到:
disable_functions =
设置为:
phpinfo,passthru,exec,system,chroot,scandir,chgrp,chown,escapeshellcmd,escapeshellarg,shell_exec,proc_open,proc_get_status,error_log,ini_alter,ini_alter,ini_restore,dl,pfsockopen,openlog,syslog,readlink,symlink,leak,popepassthru,stream_socket_server
三、服务器安全性设置
1. 设置系统防火墙
# touch /usr/local/sbin/fw.sh
将以下脚本命令粘贴到 fw.sh 文件中。
#!/bin/bash
# Stop iptables service first
service iptables stop
# Load FTP Kernel modules
/sbin/modprobe ip_conntrack_ftp
/sbin/modprobe ip_nat_ftp
# Inital chains default policy
/sbin/iptables -F -t filter
/sbin/iptables -P INPUT DROP
/sbin/iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT
# Enable Native Network Transfer
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
# Accept Established Connections
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -m state –state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
# ICMP Control
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p icmp -m limit –limit 1/s –limit-burst 10 -j ACCEPT
# WWW Service
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp –dport 80 -j ACCEPT
# FTP Service
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp –dport 21 -j ACCEPT
# SSH Service
/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp –dport 22 -j ACCEPT
# chmod 755 /usr/local/sbin/fw.sh
# echo ‘/usr/local/sbin/fw.sh’ >> /etc/rc.local
# /usr/local/sbin/fw.sh